That’s why Giosan and his team focused on sediments from the ocean floor off Pakistan’s coast. ”Įvidence for this shift in seasonal rainfall-and the Harapans’ switch from relying on Indus floods to rains near the Himalaya in order to water crops-is difficult to find in soil samples. Compared to the floods from monsoons that the Harappans were used to seeing in the Indus, it would have been relatively little water, but at least it would have been reliable. “As winter storms from the Mediterranean hit the Himalayas, they created rain on the Pakistan side, and fed little streams there. “Although fickle summer monsoons made agriculture difficult along the Indus, up in the foothills, moisture and rain would come more regularly,” Giosan says. 13, 2018, in the journal Climate of the Past. If you look at Syria and Africa, the migration out of those areas has some roots in climate change.”īeginning in roughly 2500 BCE, a shift in temperatures and weather patterns over the Indus valley caused summer monsoon rains to gradually dry up, making agriculture difficult or impossible near Harappan cities, says Liviu Giosan, a geologist at WHOI and lead author on the paper that published Nov. A new study from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) found evidence that climate change likely drove the Harappans to resettle far away from the floodplains of the Indus. Yet by 1800 BCE, this advanced culture had abandoned their cities, moving instead to smaller villages in the Himalayan foothills. More than 4,000 years ago, the Harappa culture thrived in the Indus River Valley of what is now modern Pakistan and northwestern India, where they built sophisticated cities, invented sewage systems that predated ancient Rome’s, and engaged in long-distance trade with settlements in Mesopotamia.
The program also contributes to global, multilateral collaborations and dialogues on climate change – emphasising knowledge sharing to accelerate climate response.Mohenjo-daro is an ancient Indus Valley Civilization city built around 2600 BCE that was abandoned after 1900 BCE. The program aims to translate sciences that often seem conceptual into tangible projects and pathways for change. institutional mechanisms – development and use of global and national market mechanisms to provide key levers for systems change, ensuring they also benefit small-scale producers.Īcross the program there is an emphasis on locally led approaches, interdisciplinary research, gender and social equity, and building the capacity of Australian and partner country researchers and stakeholders to engage in systems thinking.adaptive learning – equipping governments, businesses and communities with the tools and skills to rapidly adjust plans and actions in response to shifting baseline conditions.co-governance of adaptation pathways – formal and informal ways to align and sequence the actions of governments, businesses and communities to collectively shift food and livelihood systems.
The research strategy aims to progress the science and practice of 3 pillars that support transformation: Systems transformation requires a strong focus on social and institutional change, supported by technical analyses, to create fundamentally new ways in which livelihoods are sustained and food is produced.
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The Climate Change Program progresses the science and practice of how to transform food systems and livelihoods that are under the most pressure to adapt or to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.